The option can be used in -genkeypair and -gencert to embed extensions into the generated certificate, or in -certreq to show what extensions are requested in the certificate request. If -alias refers to a trusted certificate, then that certificate is output. If such an attack took place, and you didnt check the certificate before you imported it, then you would be trusting anything the attacker signed, for example, a JAR file with malicious class files inside. For example, a distinguished name of cn=myname, ou=mygroup, o=mycompany, c=mycountry). If -destkeypass isnt provided, then the destination entry is protected with the source entry password. Braces surrounding an option signify that a default value is used when the option isnt specified on the command line. Keystore implementations of different types arent compatible. For compatibility reasons, the SunPKCS11 and OracleUcrypto providers can still be loaded with -providerclass sun.security.pkcs11.SunPKCS11 and -providerclass com.oracle.security.crypto.UcryptoProvider even if they are now defined in modules. Step 1: Upload SSL files. Digitally Signed: If some data is digitally signed, then it is stored with the identity of an entity and a signature that proves that entity knows about the data. If a trust chain cant be established, then the certificate reply isnt imported. The following example creates a certificate, e1, that contains three certificates in its certificate chain. If you request a signed certificate from a CA, and a certificate authenticating that CA's public key hasn't been added to cacerts, then you must import a certificate from that CA as a trusted certificate. Constructed when the CA reply is a single certificate. If a single-valued option is provided multiple times, the value of the last one is used. In some cases, such as root or top-level CA certificates, the issuer signs its own certificate. The value of the security provider is the name of a security provider that is defined in a module. The cacerts keystore ships with a set of root certificates issued by the CAs of the Oracle Java Root Certificate program. The only multiple-valued option supported now is the -ext option used to generate X.509v3 certificate extensions. If the -noprompt option is specified, then there is no interaction with the user. The issuer of the certificate vouches for this, by signing the certificate. When you import a certificate reply, the certificate reply is validated with trusted certificates from the keystore, and optionally, the certificates configured in the cacerts keystore file when the -trustcacerts option is specified. With the keytool command, it is possible to display, import, and export certificates. localityName: The locality (city) name. The -sigalg value specifies the algorithm that should be used to sign the self-signed certificate. Private Keys: These are numbers, each of which is supposed to be known only to the particular entity whose private key it is (that is, it is supposed to be kept secret). Step# 2. If you have a java keystore, use the following command. When data is digitally signed, the signature can be verified to check the data integrity and authenticity. Because there are two keystores involved in the -importkeystore command, the following two options, -srcprotected and -destprotected, are provided for the source keystore and the destination keystore respectively. From the Finder, click Go -> Utilities -> KeyChain Access. See Certificate Chains. Requesting a Signed Certificate from a CA, Importing the Certificate Reply from the CA, Exporting a Certificate That Authenticates the Public Key, Generating Certificates for an SSL Server. A certificate from a CA is usually self-signed or signed by another CA. Java tool "Portecle" is handy for managing the java keystore. The -keyalg value specifies the algorithm to be used to generate the key pair, and the -keysize value specifies the size of each key to be generated. In the following sections, we're going to go through different functionalities of this utility. If the reply is a single X.509 certificate, keytool attempts to establish a trust chain, . When there is no value, the extension has an empty value field. {-protected }: Password provided through a protected mechanism. Dec 10, 2014 at 13:42 Keytool doesn't work like this, and doesn't allow you to import an alias more than once as described. In a large-scale networked environment, it is impossible to guarantee that prior relationships between communicating entities were established or that a trusted repository exists with all used public keys. When the -v option appears, it signifies verbose mode, which means that more information is provided in the output. The following are the available options for the -printcertreq command: Use the -printcertreq command to print the contents of a PKCS #10 format certificate request, which can be generated by the keytool -certreq command. When the option isnt provided, the start date is the current time. In this case, the certificate chain must be established from trusted certificate information already stored in the keystore. The following examples describe the sequence actions in creating a keystore for managing public/private key pairs and certificates from trusted entities. Abstract Syntax Notation 1 describes data. This is because anybody could generate a self-signed certificate with the distinguished name of, for example, the DigiCert root CA. Use the importkeystore command to import an entire keystore into another keystore. It isnt required that you execute a -printcert command before importing a certificate. If you trust that the certificate is valid, then you can add it to your keystore by entering the following command: This command creates a trusted certificate entry in the keystore from the data in the CA certificate file and assigns the values of the alias to the entry. Note that OpenSSL often adds readable comments before the key, keytooldoes not support that, so remove the OpenSSL comments if they exist before importing the key using keytool. You can also run your own Certification Authority using products such as Microsoft Certificate Server or the Entrust CA product for your organization. You are prompted for any required values. The following line of code creates an instance of the default keystore type as specified in the keystore.type property: The default keystore type is pkcs12, which is a cross-platform keystore based on the RSA PKCS12 Personal Information Exchange Syntax Standard. Options for each command can be provided in any order. When not provided at the command line, the user is prompted for the alias. Java provides a "keytool" in order to manage your "keystore". If the attempt fails, then the user is prompted for a password. What I have found is if you create the CSR from the existing keystore you can just replace the certificate. Java provides a relatively simple command-line tool, called keytool, which can easily create a "self-signed" Certificate. Lets start with the manual check: 1 keytool -list -v -keystore my.certificate.chain.jks | grep -A 1 "Owner" This command will list all certifications (and keys) Owner (CN) and Issuer (CN) something like this: Owner: CN=app.tankmin.se, OU=Secure Link SSL, OU=Tankmin Signature algorithm identifier: This identifies the algorithm used by the CA to sign the certificate. You can enter the command as a single line such as the following: The command creates the keystore named mykeystore in the working directory (provided it doesnt already exist), and assigns it the password specified by -keypass. Brackets surrounding an option signify that the user is prompted for the values when the option isnt specified on the command line. The keytool commands and their options can be grouped by the tasks that they perform. Before you add the certificate to the keystore, the keytool command verifies it by attempting to construct a chain of trust from that certificate to a self-signed certificate (belonging to a root CA), using trusted certificates that are already available in the keystore. The private key is assigned the password specified by -keypass. This imports all entries from the source keystore, including keys and certificates, to the destination keystore with a single command. Identify each of the certificates by the ---- BEGIN CERTIFICATE---- and ----END CERTIFICATE---- statements. method:location-type:location-value (,method:location-type:location-value)*. Some common extensions are: KeyUsage (limits the use of the keys to particular purposes such as signing-only) and AlternativeNames (allows other identities to also be associated with this public key, for example. When the distinguished name is needed for a command, but not supplied on the command line, the user is prompted for each of the subcomponents. The command uses the default SHA256withDSA signature algorithm to create a self-signed certificate that includes the public key and the distinguished name information. It treats the keystore location that is passed to it at the command line as a file name and converts it to a FileInputStream, from which it loads the keystore information. If it detects alias duplication, then it asks you for a new alias, and you can specify a new alias or simply allow the keytool command to overwrite the existing one. If -srcstorepass is not provided or is incorrect, then the user is prompted for a password. Now verify the certificate chain by using the Root CA certificate file while validating the server certificate file by passing the CAfile parameter: $ openssl verify -CAfile ca.pem cert.pem cert . At the bottom of the chain is the certificate (reply) issued by the CA authenticating the subject's public key. The startdate argument is the start time and date that the certificate is valid. A special name honored, used only in -gencert, denotes how the extensions included in the certificate request should be honored. For example, suppose someone sends or emails you a certificate that you put it in a file named /tmp/cert. Then, import it using the following command: keytool -import -trustcacerts -alias tomcat -file certificate.p7b -keystore yourkeystore.jks. A password shouldnt be specified on a command line or in a script unless it is for testing purposes, or you are on a secure system. The user must provide the exact number of digits shown in the format definition (padding with 0 when shorter). To provide a keystore implementation, clients must implement a provider and supply a KeystoreSpi subclass implementation, as described in Steps to Implement and Integrate a Provider. Issuer name: The X.500 Distinguished Name of the entity that signed the certificate. For example, if you want to use the Oracle's jks keystore implementation, then change the line to the following: Case doesnt matter in keystore type designations. This certificate chain is constructed by using the certificate reply and trusted certificates available either in the keystore where you import the reply or in the cacerts keystore file. If a key password is not provided, then the -storepass (if provided) is attempted first. It uses the default DSA key generation algorithm to create the keys; both are 2048 bits. You use the keytool command and options to manage a keystore (database) of cryptographic keys, X.509 certificate chains, and trusted certificates. Some commands require a private/secret key password. To remove a certificate from the end of a Key Pair's Certificate Chain: Right-click on the Key Pair entry in the KeyStore Entries table. The password value must contain at least six characters. All X.509 certificates have the following data, in addition to the signature: Version: This identifies which version of the X.509 standard applies to this certificate, which affects what information can be specified in it. If the -noprompt option is specified, then there is no interaction with the user. You use the keytool command and options to manage a keystore (database) of cryptographic keys, X.509 certificate chains, and trusted certificates. When the -Joption is used, the specified option string is passed directly to the Java interpreter. The following commands creates four key pairs named ca, ca1, ca2, and e1: The following two commands create a chain of signed certificates; ca signs ca1 and ca1 signs ca2, all of which are self-issued: The following command creates the certificate e1 and stores it in the e1.cert file, which is signed by ca2. Because you trust the CAs in the cacerts file as entities for signing and issuing certificates to other entities, you must manage the cacerts file carefully. Share Improve this answer Follow answered Apr 17, 2013 at 14:08 Nickolay Olshevsky 13.5k 1 33 47 When retrieving information from the keystore, the password is optional. Upload the PKCS#7 certificate file on the server. The keytool command works on any file-based keystore implementation. Requested extensions arent honored by default. Integrity means that the data hasnt been modified or tampered with, and authenticity means that the data comes from the individual who claims to have created and signed it. The data is rendered unforgeable by signing with the entity's private key. See Commands and Options for a description of these commands with their options. This certificate chain and the private key are stored in a new keystore entry identified by alias. Note that the input stream from the -keystore option is passed to the KeyStore.load method. To display a list of keytool commands, enter: To display help information about a specific keytool command, enter: The -v option can appear for all commands except --help. This name uses the X.500 standard, so it is intended to be unique across the Internet. Extensions can be marked critical to indicate that the extension should be checked and enforced or used. Use the -importcert command to import the response from the CA. For example, the issue time can be specified by: With the second form, the user sets the exact issue time in two parts, year/month/day and hour:minute:second (using the local time zone). Subject name: The name of the entity whose public key the certificate identifies. file: Retrieve the password from the file named argument. This information is used in numerous ways. Since Java 9, though, the default keystore format is PKCS12.The biggest difference between JKS and PKCS12 is that JKS is a format specific to Java, while PKCS12 is a standardized and language-neutral way of storing . More specifically, the application interfaces supplied by KeyStore are implemented in terms of a Service Provider Interface (SPI). keytool -importcert -alias old_cert_alias -file new_cert_file.cer -keystore your_key_store.jks. Currently, two command-line tools (keytool and jarsigner) make use of keystore implementations. 2. I mport the certificate chain by using the following command: keytool -importcert -keystore $CATALINA_HOME/conf/keystore.p12 -trustcacerts -alias tomcat -keypass <truststore_password> -storepass <truststore_password> -file <certificatefilename> -storetype PKCS12 -providername JsafeJCE -keyalg RSA Copy The name argument can be a supported extension name (see Supported Named Extensions ) or an arbitrary OID number. Used to add a security provider by name (such as SunPKCS11) . However, if this name (or OID) also appears in the honored value, then its value and criticality override that in the request. If this attempt fails, then the keytool command prompts you for the private/secret key password. The subjectKeyIdentifier extension is always created. If the reply is a PKCS #7 formatted certificate chain or a sequence of X.509 certificates, then the chain is ordered with the user certificate first followed by zero or more CA certificates. Specify this value as true when a password must be specified by way of a protected authentication path, such as a dedicated PIN reader. A different reply format (defined by the PKCS #7 standard) includes the supporting certificate chain in addition to the issued certificate. java.home is the runtime environment directory, which is the jre directory in the JDK or the top-level directory of the Java Runtime Environment (JRE). For example, here is the format of the -printcert command: When you specify a -printcert command, replace cert_file with the actual file name, such as: keytool -printcert -file VScert.cer. If -dname is provided, then it is used as the subject in the CSR. Other than standard hexadecimal numbers (0-9, a-f, A-F), any extra characters are ignored in the HEX string. If an extension of the same type is provided multiple times through either a name or an OID, only the last extension is used. An error is reported if the -keystore or -storetype option is used with the -cacerts option. The destination entry is protected with the source entry password. If you do not specify -destkeystore when using the keytool -importkeystore command, then the default keystore used is $HOME/.keystore. Before you add the root CA certificate to your keystore, you should view it with the -printcert option and compare the displayed fingerprint with the well-known fingerprint obtained from a newspaper, the root CA's Web page, and so on. It enables users to administer their own public/private key pairs and associated certificates for use in self-authentication (where a user authenticates themselves to other users and services) or data integrity and authentication services, by using digital signatures. The top-level (root) CA certificate is self-signed. When len is omitted, the resulting value is ca:true. It prints its contents in a human-readable format. 1 keytool -certreq -keystore test.jks -storepass password -alias leaf -file leaf.csr Now creating the certificate with the certificate request generated above. The KeyStore API abstractly and the JKS format concretely has two kinds of entries relevant to SSL/TLS: the privateKey entry for a server contains the privatekey and the cert chain (leaf and intermediate (s) and usually root) all under one alias; trustedCert entries (if any) contain certs for other parties, usually CAs, each under a different alias Replace the self-signed certificate with a certificate chain, where each certificate in the chain authenticates the public key of the signer of the previous certificate in the chain, up to a root CA. If you press the Enter key at the prompt, then the key password is set to the same password that is used for the -keystore. There is another built-in implementation, provided by Oracle. Private and public keys exist in pairs in all public key cryptography systems (also referred to as public key crypto systems). If the SSL server is behind a firewall, then the -J-Dhttps.proxyHost=proxyhost and -J-Dhttps.proxyPort=proxyport options can be specified on the command line for proxy tunneling. The -Joption argument can appear for any command. Otherwise, the password is retrieved as follows: env: Retrieve the password from the environment variable named argument. The names arent case-sensitive. For more information on the JKS storetype, see the KeyStore Implementation section in KeyStore aliases. The passphrase may be supplied via the standard input stream; otherwise the user is prompted for it. If you have the private key and the public key, use the following. Denotes an X.509 certificate extension. View the certificate first with the -printcert command or the -importcert command without the -noprompt option. Importing Certificates in a Chain Separately. Each certificate in the chain (after the first) authenticates the public key of the signer of the previous certificate in the chain. {-protected}: Password provided through a protected mechanism. Synopsis keytool [commands] commands Commands for keytool include the following: -certreq: Generates a certificate request -changealias: Changes an entry's alias -delete: Deletes an entry In Linux: Open the csr file in a text editor. If the destination alias already exists in the destination keystore, then the user is prompted either to overwrite the entry or to create a new entry under a different alias name. If a password is not specified, then the integrity of the retrieved information cant be verified and a warning is displayed. The subject is the entity whose public key is being authenticated by the certificate. Use the -exportcert command to read a certificate from the keystore that is associated with -alias alias and store it in the cert_file file. The cacerts file should contain only certificates of the CAs you trust. For legacy security providers located on classpath and loaded by reflection, -providerclass should still be used. Note: All other options that require passwords, such as -keypass, -srckeypass, -destkeypass, -srcstorepass, and -deststorepass, accept the env and file modifiers. This entry is placed in your home directory in a keystore named .keystore . If NONE is specified as the URL, then a null stream is passed to the KeyStore.load method. The following are the available options for the -importkeystore command: {-srckeystore keystore}: Source keystore name, {-destkeystore keystore}: Destination keystore name, {-srcstoretype type}: Source keystore type, {-deststoretype type}: Destination keystore type, [-srcstorepass arg]: Source keystore password, [-deststorepass arg]: Destination keystore password, {-srcprotected Source keystore password protected, {-destprotected}: Destination keystore password protected, {-srcprovidername name}: Source keystore provider name, {-destprovidername name}: Destination keystore provider name, [-destkeypass arg]: Destination key password, {-providerclass class [-providerarg arg]}: Add security provider by fully qualified class name with an optional configure argument. Open an Administrator command prompt. The exact value of the issue time is calculated by using the java.util.GregorianCalendar.add(int field, int amount) method on each subvalue, from left to right. An alias is specified when you add an entity to the keystore with the -genseckey command to generate a secret key, the -genkeypair command to generate a key pair (public and private key), or the -importcert command to add a certificate or certificate chain to the list of trusted certificates. The following notes apply to the descriptions in Commands and Options: All command and option names are preceded by a hyphen sign (-). When keys are first generated, the chain starts off containing a single element, a self-signed certificate. The -sigalg value specifies the algorithm that should be used to sign the CSR. Entries that cant be imported are skipped and a warning is displayed. The option can only be provided one time. The only exception is that if -help is provided along with another command, keytool will print out a detailed help for that command. Thus far, three versions are defined. Delete a certificate using the following command format: keytool -delete -alias keyAlias-keystore keystore-name-storepass password Example 11-17 Deleting a Certificate From a JKS Keystore In some systems, the identity is the public key, and in others it can be anything from an Oracle Solaris UID to an email address to an X.509 distinguished name. If the -rfc option is specified, then the certificate is output in the printable encoding format. If no password is provided, and the private key password is different from the keystore password, the user is prompted for it. Before you consider adding the certificate to your list of trusted certificates, you can execute a -printcert command to view its fingerprints, as follows: View the certificate first with the -printcert command or the -importcert command without the -noprompt option. If a source keystore entry type isnt supported in the destination keystore, or if an error occurs while storing an entry into the destination keystore, then the user is prompted either to skip the entry and continue or to quit. These refer to the subject's common name (CN), organizational unit (OU), organization (O), and country (C). A keystore is a storage facility for cryptographic keys and certificates. Order matters; each subcomponent must appear in the designated order. Keystores can have different types of entries. This is specified by the following line in the security properties file: To have the tools utilize a keystore implementation other than the default, you can change that line to specify a different keystore type. It generates v3 certificates. X.509 Version 1 has been available since 1988, is widely deployed, and is the most generic. The Java keytool is a command-line utility used to manage keystores in different formats containing keys and certificates. For example. The CA generates the crl file. This certificate format, also known as Base64 encoding, makes it easy to export certificates to other applications by email or through some other mechanism. If the public key in the certificate reply matches the user's public key already stored with alias, then the old certificate chain is replaced with the new certificate chain in the reply. Later, after a Certificate Signing Request (CSR) was generated with the -certreq command and sent to a Certification Authority (CA), the response from the CA is imported with -importcert, and the self-signed certificate is replaced by a chain of certificates. The root CA certificate that authenticates the public key of the CA. After importing the certificate reply, you may want to remove the initial key entry that used your old distinguished name: Storage facility for cryptographic keys and certificates surrounding an option signify that the certificate request generated above ( if ). 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