In addition, the scaffold did not have a guardrail on the side facing the building, where there was a 2-foot-wide opening between the building and the scaffold created by indented window arches. Draw the shape of the cord an instant later A) boiling B) evaporation C) redox D) melting, It is important to inspect scaffolds and scaffold components for visible defects before each work shift and after any occurs FE that could affect a scaffolds integrity, Which of the following is not an OSHA standard for the proper use of scaffolds, Scaffolds can be loaded in excess of their maximum intended rated capacity, Employees performing work from a scaffold must be trained on proper use, maximum Los capacity and any electrical hazards present. [29 CFR 1926.451(g)(4)(ii)], Employees Fall Due to Inadequate Guardrails. The type of scaffolding being used is rated as light-duty, or 25 pounds per square foot. The worker on the right side of the platform was wearing a body harness hooked by a lanyard to a lifeline that kept him from falling. An employee was arc welding from a suspended scaffold. Fall protection consists of either personal fall-arrest systems or guardrail systems and must be provided on any scaffold 10 feet or more above a lower level. Refer to the.Equipment must.Proper distance from all. what must be utilized? So a 10 foot span (120 inches) cannot deflect more than: 2 inches Each suspension rope, including connecting hardware, used on adjustable suspension scaffolds shall be capable of supporting, without failure, at least 6 times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to that rope with the scaffold operating at either the rated load of the hoist, or 2 (minimum) times the stall load of the hoist, whichever Scaffolding safety is a combination of practices and safety procedures that enforces proper and safe use of scaffoldings. Each scaffold and scaffold component must be able to support its own weight and at least 4 times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to the scaffold. =be plumb and braced to prevent swaying and displacement. [, Masonry units, rolls of roofing felt, and other similar construction materials shall not be used as counterweights. Or wind screens (when windscreens are used the scaffold must be secured against the anticipated wind forces). [, When intermediate members (such as balusters or additional rails) are used, they must be no more than 19 inches apart. =In addition, the competent person must be knowledgeable about the requirements of the OSHA standard, subpart L. =A competent person is required to supervise the erection, modification, and disassembly of scaffolds. Investigation of the incident revealed that the two U-bolts on the loop of cable supporting the block-and-tackle had loosened enough to allow the cable ends to slip through, causing the scaffold to fall. An ideal refrigerator does 150 J of work to remove 560 J as heat from its cold compartment. Training shall include [. [. When the victim finished painting, he unhooked his lanyard from his lifeline and moved along the ladder platform to a position where he could hand his spray gun to the foreman (who was at the top of the tank). Employees must be able to safely access any level of a scaffold that is 2 feet above or below an access point. Side Stringers, minimum cross section (finished sizes): A " x " steel reinforcing strip shall be attached to the side or underside, full length. Where material is stacked higher than the toeboard: = Screening must be installed from the toeboard to the toprail, or, = A guardrail system installed with small openings to prevent objects falling through, = Erect canopies, catch platform, or debris nets over employees below that are strong enough to withstand the forces of potential falling objects, Aerial Lifts-Boom Platforms: Lifts to be used to hoist..No modifications can be made without written consent ofEmployees must standNot allowed to. A laborer was in a chimney stack on an elevated suspended scaffold approximately 350 feet high, helping bricklayers lay brick inside the liner of the chimney. A 53-year-old painting foreman and a 28-year-old painter were killed when their scaffold collapsed. Only ___ are authorized to operate elevated working platforms (scissor lifts) and boom platforms. [. They pulled -inch manila hoisting ropes up to the work platform and laid them over the top of the guardrail system at both ends of the 19-foot-long scaffold platform. (Figure 7) [, Scaffold components manufactured by different manufacturers are not allowed to be modified to make them fit together, unless a competent person determines that the resulting scaffold is structurally sound. Able to withstand a force of at least 50 pounds applied in any downward or horizontal direction, at any point along the toeboard. Bolts or other direct connections to the floor or deck. Two employees, the leadman and a trainee mechanic, were assigned to move a two-point suspended scaffold equipped with two SC40 hoists. (Figure 16) [, Nothing that could cause a slip, trip or fall (i.e. working weight. When the left scaffold rope broke and the scaffold collapsed, one employee was killed and another fell to a nearby roof and broke both arms. [, Outrigger beams must be placed perpendicular to their bearing support (usually the face of the building or structure. This caused arcing between the scaffold and the building. [, Scaffolds are to be erected, moved, dismantled, or altered only by experienced and trained employees who have been selected for that work by the competent person. Occupational Safety & Health Administration, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Outreach Training Program (10- and 30-hour Cards), OSHA Training Institute Education Centers, Safety Standards for Scaffolds Used in the Construction Industry, Inspection procedures for enforcing Subpart L, Scaffolds used in construction, Whether plywood may be used as scaffold decking material over wood scaffold planks; 29 CFR 1926.450 and 1926.451, Whether OSHA standards prohibit using two power hoists wired together to a single control; whether a minimum of two persons are required to be on board a two-point suspended scaffold, Requirements in 1926 Subpart L "Scaffolds" regarding the use of plywood to make platform decking for scaffolds, A Guide to Scaffold Use in the Construction Industry, Selecting and Implementing a Fall Protection System for an AWP, Rolling Towers/Mobile Scaffold: Inspection, Maintenance, and Use Tip Sheet, Preventing Electrocutions During Work with Scaffolds Near Overhead Power Lines, Preventing Worker Injuries and Deaths Caused by Falls From Suspension Scaffolds, Severe Storm and Flood Recovery Assistance, For additional information on specific state plans or other general standards, see the general industry, For additional information on related safety and health topics pages, see the general industry. He fell when the rope broke and his end of the platform dropped to a vertical position. Tip: Because it may be difficult to determine if a power line is insulated, or what its exact voltage is, the 10 ft. rule should always be applied. Therefore, ladder access is not discussed in this module. Which shotgun choke is best for hunting a large, slow bird, such as a turkey? When erecting or dismantling tubular welded frame scaffolds, (end) frames, with horizontal members that are parallel, level, and are not more than ___?___ apart vertically may be used as climbing devices for access, provided they are erected in a manner that creates a usable ladder and provides good handhold and foot space. Wire cables from each stirrup ran to a common tie-off point. After approximately two feet, the right-side hoist unit stopped. An employee was restoring a building's exterior. As the foreman took the spray gun, he heard a "pop" and saw the scaffold and the victim fall 65 feet to the floor of the tank. Non-mandatory examples of criteria that will enable an employer to comply with 29 CFR 1926.451(a) are contained in 29 CFR 1926 Subpart L Appendix A. A cable from this common tie-off was rigged to a block-and-tackle used from ground level to raise and lower the platform. The weight of the scaffold and its occupants must be supported by both the structure to which it is attached and by each of the scaffold components that make up the anchorage system. [, Tiebacks must be installed perpendicular to the face of the building or structure (Figure 1), or opposing angle tiebacks must be installed. To prevent movement, the scaffold must be secured to the building or structure at intervals not to exceed 30 feet horizontally and 26 feet vertically. (1) An example of this type of scaffold is a chimney hoist. The hoistway area was not guarded. [, Heat damage caused by a torch, or any damage caused by contact with electrical wires. Competent persons and trained workers are critical to safety on suspended scaffolds. A worker was raising the scaffold he was on to a new working height of approximately 78 feet. [, Makeshift devices, such as boxes and barrels, may not be used on top of scaffold platforms to increase the height of the working level. Since the scaffold was not grounded, it became energized. [, Tiebacks must be equivalent in strength to the suspension ropes and hoisting rope. Why is creativity useful when identifying resources? [, Installed with all bearing supports perpendicular to the beam center line. Wood platforms must not be coveredScaffold components from different manufacturers mustA competent person must determine that the.. Inspection of the scaffold hoist revealed a defect in a centrifugal safety brake. Tip: Analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics data for suspended scaffold fatalities from 1992-99 found that over 20 percent of fall deaths were due to suspension ropes breaking. Proper Scaffold Construction Mudsills Base plates Crossbraces Access Guardrails All scaffolds must be erected with adequate foundations: Casters Base plates [, When U-bolt clips are used, the U-bolt must be placed over the dead end of the rope, and the saddle must be placed over the live end of the rope. These factors introduce the risk of electrocution. Figure 13. Two victims and a co-worker were painting the side of a building in San Francisco. ( 1) Except as provided in paragraphs (a) (2), (a) (3), (a) (4), (a) (5) and (g) of this section, each scaffold and scaffold component shall be capable of supporting, without failure, its own weight and at least 4 times the . When toeboards are used for falling object protection, they must be [. (Figure 15) [, Each toprail or equivalent member of a guardrail system must be able to withstand a force of at least 200 pounds applied in any downward or horizontal direction, at any point along its top edge. The company did not conduct a fall protection or competent person inspection, nor was a safety line or any fall protection used. = power lines must be maintained (10 minimum). The employee and the scaffold fell 50 feet to the ground. Before allowing workers onto the platform, a good safety practice is to raise the scaffold 3 feet, then lower it and hit the brakes to clear the moisture (see Support). [, U-bolt clips may not be used at the point of suspension for any scaffold hoist. In order to assure stability, supported scaffolds must be set on: base plates, mud sills or other adequate firm foundation; Base plates are required on every scaffold whereas mud sills are mostly just used for scaffolds constructed on dirt or gravel Footings must be capable of supporting the loaded scaffold without settling or Two of the rope clips were still attached to the end of the rope after the incident. Placement of potential falling objects away from the edge of the surface from which they may fall. Workers Killed When Scaffolds Without Tiebacks Fall, Inadequate Counterweights Cause Two Deaths. On the basis of what you know about cerebellar function, how can you determine that the cerebellum is involved? Employees are prohibited from working on scaffolds covered with snow, ice, or other slippery materials, except as necessary for removal of such materials. 3 Each scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting, without failure, its own weight and at least_____time the maximum intended load applied to it. The victim and a co-worker were on a two-point suspension scaffold when the left winch lost its grip on the wire rope, causing the left side of the platform to drop. Midrails, screens, mesh, intermediate vertical members, solid panels, etc., must be able to withstand a force of at least 150 pounds applied in any downward or horizontal direction, at any point along the midrail or other member. [, All ladder-type platforms must be constructed in accordance with the. [, Suspension ropes are to be shielded from heat-producing processes. Scissors lifts are considered by OSHA to be.Personal fall arrest is not required by OSHA. His co-worker was able to grab on to the scaffold, and climbed to a fire escape. Image depicts a suspended scaffold with the following labels: Occupational Safety & Health Administration, Failed Scaffold Hoists Cause Worker Deaths, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Outreach Training Program (10- and 30-hour Cards), OSHA Training Institute Education Centers, 29 CFR 1926 Subpart L Appendix A (2)(p)(2), Falls: Unprotected Sides, Wall Openings, and Floor Holes, Electrical Incidents: Lack of Ground-Fault Protection, Severe Storm and Flood Recovery Assistance, Scaffolding : Suspended Scaffolds - Two-point (swing stage), Tiebacks must be secured to a structurally sound anchorage on the building or structure, which may include structural members, but not vents, electrical conduit, or standpipes and other piping systems. along a cord. =A competent person is required to inspect scaffolding prior to each work shift. Scaffolding hazards are addressed in specific standards for the construction industry. There are various types of supported scaffolds: frame scaffolds, tube and clamp scaffolds, system scaffolds, mobile scaffolds, pump jack, ladder jack and wood scaffolds. [29 CFR 1926.451(b)(3) and 29 CFR 1926.451(b)(3)(ii)]. [, Any part of a scaffold that has been damaged or weakened so that it no longer meets OSHA strength requirements must either be repaired, replaced, braced, or removed from service. [. The victim died from his injuries. 4. . A 39-year-old painter died after falling 40 feet when a scaffolding suspension rope broke. The workers were wearing the available safety harnesses and lifelines but had not connected the lifelines. Excess suspension wire rope and any additional independent lines from grounding must also be insulated. =Fall arrest equipment must be utilized. True Platforms must not deflect more than 1/60 of the span when loaded. Or installed protective coverings to prevent accidental contact with the lines. He was a member of a three-man crew engaged in the abrasive blasting and painting of the interior of a 48-foot-high, 30-foot-diameter steel water tank. Search for jobs related to Each scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting or hire on the world's largest freelancing marketplace with 20m+ jobs. It is suspected that the cerebellum is the part of the brain that is affected. When acids or other corrosive substances are used on a scaffold, the ropes shall be shielded, treated to protect against the corrosive substances, or shall be of a material that will not be damaged by the substances. Scaffold working platform is the most commonly seen structure at any =Must determine the feasibility and safety of providing fall protection during erection/dismantling of supported scaffolding. Scaffolds must be far enough from overhead power lines that neither they, nor any conductive materials (e.g. [, Devices whose sole function is to provide emergency escape and rescue may not be used as working platforms. (, Be secured against movement by tiebacks installed at right angles to the face of the building or structure (, No more than two employees should occupy suspension scaffolds designed for a working load of 500 pounds (non-mandatory). As the employee was attempting to open trap doors for the hoistway area on the suspended scaffold, he fell through the hoisting area to a metal hopper surface at the base of the chimney. Unsafe Access Leads to Death on Suspended Scaffold. Each platform greater than 10 feet in length generally must not extend over its support more than ___?___. = Top rail to be at 38 inches 45 inches. There are twenty-eight OSHA-approved State Plans, operating state-wide occupational safety and health programs. Suspended Scaffolds: Must be rigged and/or relocated underSupport system must be tied back to aMake sure you are matchingEquipment must be.. [, Gasoline-powered hoists may not be used on suspension scaffolds. The employer must have all employees who work on scaffolds Training for scaffold users must include: = Nature of electrical, fall, and falling object hazards, = Correct procedures for handling electrical hazard and proper use of fall prevention and falling object prevention equipment, = Proper scaffold use and proper material handling on scaffolds, = The maximum intended load and load capacity of scaffold, All employees who erect, dismantle, move, operate, repair, maintain, or inspect scaffolding must be trained by, =Correct procedures for erecting, disassembling, moving, operating, repairing, inspecting, and maintaining scaffolds, = Design criteria, max intended load capacity and intended use of scaffold. Exception: Insulated power lines of less than 300 volts have a safe distance of only 3 feet. Millions of workers in the construction industry work on scaffolds. Where changes at the worksite present a hazard for which an employee has not previously been trained. = operators manual and keep with equipment at all times. [, Outrigger beams must be restrained to prevent movement. The drawing shows a complex wave moving to the right An employee was riding a swinging scaffold down the side of a water tank when the air line for a sand blaster became caught by the scaffold and pulled an air purifier from the walkway. His assistants were outside. These incidents can be avoided by compliance with OSHA standards. [, Outrigger beams must be made of structural metal, or other material of equivalent strength. Which of the following are required in order to safely use fabricated frame scaffolds? = Each scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting, without failure, its own weight and at least 4 times the maximum intended load applied to it. [, For two-point adjustable suspension scaffolds, access to one platform from another may only take place when the platforms [. The welding current passed through the wire rope supporting the scaffold, and the wire rope separated. Aerial Lifts-Boom Platforms: Inspect theMust be set upBest practice is toEquipment must not be used as awhat must be observed? The employee was hospitalized for his injuries. A scaffold can be overloaded by [. [, Clips must be retightened to the manufacturer's recommendations after the initial loading. 2. 3314.3.1.1 Supported Scaffolds Supported scaffolds between 40 feet and 75 feet (12 192 mm and 22 860 mm) must be designed by a qualified person or company or a registered design professional. Each suspension rope, including connecting hardware, used on adjustable suspension scaffolds shall be capable of supporting, without failure, at least 6 times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to that rope with the scaffold operating at either the rated load of the hoist, or 2 (minimum) times the stall load of the hoist, whichever Both men were wearing safety belts with nylon rope lanyards secured to independent lifelines. To prevent movement, the scaffold must be secured to the building or structure at intervals not to exceed 30 feet horizontally and 26 feet . A patient suffers brain damage in an automobile accident. The scaffold attachment point failed, releasing the scaffold cables, and the scaffold fell to the ground. [, Counterweights must not be made of flowable materials such as sand, gravel, and similar materials that can be easily dislocated. 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Counterweights must not deflect more than ___? ___ face of the building not conduct a fall protection used to. ( when windscreens are used for falling object protection, they must be enough. At the worksite present a hazard for which an employee was arc welding from a suspended.... How can you determine that the cerebellum is the part of the span loaded... Hoist revealed a defect in a centrifugal safety brake used as working platforms were...