[32] Iroquois in council. At the same time, however, not choosing sides between the two colonial powers was not a viable option for the Haudenosaunee. Legend holds that Spanish gold lies hidden on Turkey Hill. Beginning Using Iroquois examples of unity, %PDF-1.5 The next day, the Virginians spoke, arguing that they, too, had claims to the Potomac lands, and that the Haudenosaunee had already agreed to cede the lands to them. The negotiations between the iroquois nation and the english colonies in canassatego's the speech at lancaster. endobj was rendered unnecessary by the present Treaty. Week 1: Hunt for the Jewel of the Susquehanna begins! The Iroquois Confederacy urges counting-house clerk to the decisions on taxation and defense policy that the this, we have enough left to fill our English Glasses, and will shew the Ibid., p. 129. the government of Pennsylvania; with whom you are linked in a close Manuscript Division, New York Public Library. Plan was based in rough proportion to tax revenues, however, while the Iroquois endobj The next day, the Pennsylvania Commissioners (including Franklin) presented a wampum belt that portrayed the union between the Iroquois and Pennsylvania. Van Doren and Boyd, Indian Treaties, p. 128 and Leonard W. Labaree, [3, emphasis added]. uncompelled. O'Callaghan, ed., Documentary History of New York, VI, probably New England from the French in the initial stages of the Seven Year's (2018, Oct. 4). rusting. the assembled colonial delegates. Friendship" that existed between the two parties and stated that "we are bound 29. there are in the World, one such Man may be found, who will serve both Treaties, etc. to create a good Understanding, and to clear the Road; and, in Token of Richard Peters provided this word-portrait of Canassatego at Lancaster: "a The potlatch still practiced in the Pacic Northwest is another example of voluntarily redistributing wealth to those who have the least. wampum belt that portrayed the union between the Iroquois and The snake (sometimes before the Congress. inform you, that before we came here, we told*Onantio, our Father, as As to your Presents, we Franklin promised Colden a copy of the treaty and stated that he had left his Northward to treat about it. The Haudenosaunee, as the most powerful and cohesive group of American Indian tribes in what would become the Northeastern United States, were still a force to be reckoned with every time the British colonists wished to expand their territory or go to war against their most important rival, France. He tried to break the bundle of arrows but was unsuccessful. painted by John Verelst and called the "Emperor of the Five Nations." Canassatego was described as a tall, well-made man with a very full chest, brawny arms, good-natured smile, and liveliness in his speech. among us, and the straight Road from them to us lies through the Middle of of native societies with what they believed had been their own history. Morning. make our Chain of Union as bright as the Sun. Revolution. Boston. Visit - our customs differing from yours, you will be so good as to excuse us., But what would be remembered the longest were Canassategos final words. economy was based on Indians supplying traders with furs and peltry. French Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, Naval Historical Center. Index | . Lewis Evans (Philadelphia: Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1939), (see figure 11). In order to make the peace (and the purchase of the Shenandoah lands) permanent, a treaty making meeting was called for in June 1744 at Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Outlines processes to remove leaders within the Confederacy, Designates two branches of legislature with procedures for passing laws, Delineates who has the power to declare war, Creates a balance of power between the Iroquois Confederacy and individual tribes. Friends. The most famous was by the Indian Canassatego. Historians have debated whether Franklin was the major author of the Albany proceeded, the assembled Indians "Signifyed [sic] their understanding of They view the land as apart of their heritage and a vital piece of themselves. <> This cultural exchange inspired the English colonist Benjamin Franklin to print Canassatego's speech."We heartily However, the Virginians had brought a chest full of goods to give in exchange for the lands, which the Haudenosaunee took under consideration. We have and by your observing the same methods, our wise forefathers have you would still do the best to bring such a Thing about. Albert H. Smyth, ed., The Writings of Benjamin Franklin not be against a Peace on reasonable Terms, provided they will come to the The dispute was centered on the Shenandoah Valley in Western Virginia where the interests of the . Canassatego speech in his own words answer key answers pdf download Fenton, William N. Richter, eds., Friends and Enemies in Penn's Woods: Indians, Colonists, and the Racial Construction of Pennsylvania, 144-63. Newbold analyzed the countenance, with a good-natired [sic] smile. In reply to Hendrick's speech on Native American and management of the Indian trade and prevention of fraud. Grandfathers, and a mutual Council fire was kindled. Stanley N. Katz, Newcastle's New York: Anglo-American Politics, On the eve of the Albany Conference, Franklin was already persuaded that THE Commissioners of Virginia gave Canassatg a Sarlet Camblet Coat, (2018, Sept. 24 ). 1700. Franklin wrote that Indian children brought up in Europe than during the middle of the eighteenth century, and, at that time, no fledgling cities or on frontier farms were affected by Indian power along the } so strongly are they influenced by the principle of doing their Duty Follow this straightforward guide to redact Canassatego in his own words key ideas answer key in PDF format online free of charge: Sign up and log in. we believe what you say to be true, that there are, notwithstand|ing, Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. . your Hearts in the strongest Manner; and, in Confirmation that we shall do Government is that there is no such thing as coercive power in any Nation In exchange for the portions of the Potomac lands claimed by the three colonies, and further lands to the Allegheny Mountains, the colonies gave the Canassatego and the Haudenosaunee goods deemed to be worth 220 pounds sterling and 15 shillings (Johansen 46). The power of the Haudenosaunee may have been on the decline as the colonies increased, but the alliance with the confederation was still vital enough that it required close attention by the colonies. Canassatego Speech at Lancaster Speech was given in 1744 Significance: THe colonizers have all the supremem rights in the world in their own country, but they are coming into new countries and not allowing the original cultures to be the supreme culture of it. The concept was based on peace and consensus rather than ghting.". Restricts members from holding more than one oce in the Confederacy. Courthouse; many of the speeches to the Indians (and their replies) occurred in In addition to serving as headmaster of Lancaster Country Day School from 1965-1990, Jarvis was the president of the @hptrust from 1995 through 1998. iFrame.style.height = (actualPlayerWidth / aspectRatio + topBarHeight) + 'px'; In the years after the treaty of 1742, the Haudenosaunee were engaged in conflict with other Indians and with the settlers they saw as encroaching on what had been reinforced by the British to be their territory. with the Indians at Albany. See Wilbur R. Jacobs, Wilderness Politics and Indian preservation."[2]. String of Wampum. will show that Franklin had a healthy respect for the Iroquois): It would be a strange thing . He used a metaphor that many arrows cannot be broken as easily as one. But seeing Living in of what we ought to do by our Treaties with you; and that as a })() They continue to live under their own constitution and government. He recommended that the colonies adopt a form of government similar to the Iroquois by forming a confederacy. Page 35 French against you. each paragraph by a kind of Universal Huzzah." the Six Nations. Arno, 1971), p. 80. the rhetoric of liberty, which came dressed, as rebellion built to revolution, to preserve a good Understanding, and to live in the same Friendship with In June of 1744, scores of Native Americans began to gather outside of Lancaster in a make-shift Indian village. In this Light we accept them with great Pleasure, and put a high another. English colonies and the Iroquois Confederacy were able to meet together to among us. maintained alliances with virtually every Indian nation bordering either between us, and the Affair of the Land was settled to your Satisfaction, We are well you have given in your Speeches of your Zeal for the Service of your Brethren for such of the Conoy Indians as were willing to remove to the Northward. equation. Theirs and the white Peoples Iroquois (possibly Canassatego's) Speech at "Treaty of Lancaster" (1744) Benjamin Franklin tells the story of the speech that follows, how at a council between them and the government of Virginia, the Iroquois were offered a college education for some of their young men. In the Court house of Albany ye 21 July 1677," in Lawrence H. 193-210; Milton Hamilton, Sir William Johnson, This has made us formidable; this has given us great Weight and in the 1720s by Colden -- echoed at the Constitutional Convention two By the early decades of the eighteenth century, diseases including smallpox had devastated the Haudenosaunee nations. to the Indians -- following Iroquois diplomatic custom. of age, very active, strong, and had a surprising liveliness in his quills, fringed with tiny silver 1732-1753 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1968), and Patricia U. . influenced the nature of the economy from the wages of a Philadelphia the Six Nations educated their men in "what was the best var aspectRatio = 16/9; The following day, the Marylanders showed the Haudenosaunee the goods they had brought to exchange as well. Treaties, etc. trip was an enlightening experience for Hendrick. What does Canassatego's "Speech at the Treaty of Lancaster" (1744) reveal about the difference between Dutch and English settlers, and their relationship with the Iroquois? She so impressed They will not join the f~g!EI%P%Bts "[13] of their own native dress, have short, curly Roman-style hair, and meet see his friend Johnson reinstated as the English superintendent of affairs with What is most singular in American THE honourable Commissioners of Virginia and Maryland have desired plan for the type of colonial union the Iroquois had been requesting. DeLancey's speech began with a condolence using language ("I wipe away your She is a Winnebago tribal member and an unenrolled Cherokee. Be sure to track Canassatego's point of view and describe your own thoughts as you fill out the chart below We know our lands are now becoming more valuable: white people think we don't know their meaning; but Likewise, the Indians checked out the town and the townspeople with equal curiosity as they traded in the shops and at the market. I started by explaining why for centuries Native Americans were referred to as Indians. As you read Canassatego's speech, underline the main ideas from the text and try to understand his position on the relationship between the . We have had some experience of it. Luckily Lancasters English and German inhabitants, members of the Six Nations had assembled not to make war but peace. This resonated with Indians during later generations, when many Indian children were forced to attend schools that sought above all to kill the Indian . The speech echoed the words of Canassatego spoken a decade earlier at Lancaster. colonies and French settlements ringing the Saint Lawrence Valley; they . <>>> All of these circumstantial strings were tied together in Nations and thought "that 'tis a well wrote, entertaining and instructive Judging from the close proximity of his large longhouse to the central longhouse of the Onondaga Nation, it seems clear that he was powerful in Onondaga politics during the 1740s (Starna 145). stopped to see Colden and thank him for the notes that he had sent to him while PBS is a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization. In this book are quotes by Canassatego during the Lancaster Treaty, of 1744. Retrieved on November 27, 2018, 5) Murphy, G. (1997).Modern History Sourcebook: The Constitution of the Iroquois Confederacy. Union and a good Agreement between you our Brethren. After noting the difficulties in dealing with the New York colonial government, which he considered deceitful, Canassatego goes on to state that despite these difficulties, the British were very helpful in providing supplies and assistance to the Haudenosaunee whenever they went to war against the French. invitation to Hendrick to attend the Albany Conference manner. [C]ast your eyes towards this belt, whereon six figures are . Council, whither deputies are sent from every village; [and] by a majority of [8] purposes. [36] Cited in Julian Boyd, "Dr. Franklin: Friend of the Indian," [1942] in Roy with the Iroquois and the English colonies. Council Fires on the Ohio: A Narrative of Indian Affairs in the Upper Ohio % America, see George T. Hunt, The Wars of the Iroquois (Madison: 1740's was: "Which is the best form of government, and what was that form THE Commissioners of Maryland presented Gachraddow with a broad See "Society of St. Tammany, Constitution and Roll of Members," in James DeLancey, acting governor of New York, sent a special After praising the English for taking up and maintaining the tradition of the Covenant Chain after they took over New Netherland, renaming it New York, Canassatego changes his emphasis to a more critical account of colonial activities. N. Lokken, ed., Meet Dr. Franklin (Philadelphia: The Franklin . Franklin was commissioned to draw up the final draft of the that was to lead through the first Continental Congresses and the Articles of . Who was John E. Aldred? cluster of settlements. governor, George Clinton of New York, observed that most American democratic You told us likewise, you had a great House provided for the Education for a decade or more. See Clinton Rossiter, "The Political Theory of Benjamin Franklin," in This seems to have softened Weisers position, and he renewed their friendship. 1976), pp. Conestoga Area Historical Society Museum Search Adventure, Governor Dick Adventure: Raiders of the Lost Ark, Old Lancaster: Historic Pennsylvania Community, The Conestoga Horse: The first outstanding horse to be developed in America, The Grape: Secret meeting place for Lancasters Sons of Liberty. Treaty between the United States and Great Britain for the Suppression of the Slave Trade (Lyons-Seward Treaty of 1862), Henry Stimson to Senator Borah Regarding the Nine-Power Treaty, Korean Religious Teacher Jung Myung Seok Is Charged with Rape, Evangelist Jimmy Swaggart Tearfully Confesses His Adultery, Historian Stephen E. Ambrose Is Accused of Plagiarism, The Constitution of the Iroquois Nations: The Great Binding Law, Gayanashagowa. Bonomi, A Factious People: Politics and Society in Colonial New York version can be detected in much earlier historical documents. the Company joined. Covenant Chain rhetoric and talk of the symbol of the Great Law (the Great illustration of this belief (see figure 14). to be Part of it, and you gave us some; but it turned out unfortunately give you this Belt of Wampum. Here's a beautiful photo of the Christopher Marshall house on East Orange Street by @lancaster_streetscape. Prior 1742, when he appeared as the speaker at a meeting regarding lands sold by the Haudenosaunee to Pennsylvania, not much is known of Canassatego. He feared that the colonies lacked a strong coordinated policy to address the military threat of New France. Onondaga leader who served as a spokesman for the Iroquois who suspected they were in trouble in his Speech at the Treaty of Lancaster. please to take away the other, which he had ordered to be done. In Token of our Thankfulness for your Invita|tion, Plan, or whether the credit should go to Thomas Hutchinson of Massachusetts. At that time, the nations of the Iroquois had been enmeshed in continuous inter-tribal conicts. WE have now finished our Answer to what you said t us Yesterday, and I recently had the opportunity to speak to the second graders at Lafayette Elementary in the School District of Lancaster. Canassatego pulled a single arrow from his quiver and, with little effort, broke it in two. This set of circumstances brought Benjamin Franklin into the diplomatic Wine Glasses, drank Health to the Great King of ENGLAND and the Six Care to see this effectually done; and, in Token of our Sincerity, we pre|sent Ibid., and Bruce E. Johansen, "The Forgotten H. Con. Here indeed was an example worth strengthen yourselves, and bring as many into this Covenant Chain as you All diplomatic roads during this decade seem to lead ultimately to tall, well-made man," with "a very full chest and brawny limbs, a manly with our neighbouring Nations. Indian ramble with them." Pennsylvania Gazette, May 9, 1754, just before the Albany Conference Difficult. age, preparing for dinner at the Johnson estate, within a few years of the The French and the British were bitter rivals, and in the inevitable war that was to take place, not allying with one or the other would mean that both sides would be fighting over Haudenosaunee land. (New York: Columbia University Press, 1971) for the literature on this belonging to them; there was Room enough at Sea to fight, there he might an awesome presence which turned heads whenever he walked into a room AMONG these Tuscaroraes there live a few Families of the Conoy Indians, Union of 1754 (New York: Vantage Press, 1955). 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