Lt. Hedwig Orlowski, 2nd Lt. Carol Drazba, 1st. The U.S. Military estimated that approximately 200,000 to 250,000 South Vietnamese perished in the Vietnam War. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Textual documents relating to the Vietnam conflict are spread across several record groups (RGs). [62] According to the Vice Minister Nguyn B Hoan, in 2022, nearly 200,000 PAVN/VC were still MIA (whose bodies were have not been found), and 300,000 whose bodies have been found, but buried anonymously and never identified. Per war: 191,605 deaths in the First Indochina War, 849,018 deaths in the Second Indochina War (Vietnam War), and 105,627 deaths in the Third Indochina War. Unfortunately, he mistakenly added a small number of names of men who were still alive. Two other cleanup sites being reviewed by the United States and Vietnam are Bin Ha Air Base, in the southern province of ng Naia 'hotspot' for dioxinand Ph Ct Air Base in Bnh nh Province, according to U.S. On the stencil printouts, each line contained five names per row. Naval History and Heritage Command
31, 1973 See image 154; Register of Vietnam War casualties from Kentucky; Directory of United States prisoners of war and missing in action as a result of the Vietnam War Kinston, North Carolina : Last Firebase Veterans Archive Project . Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Guam Hawaii Idaho The panels are numbered beginning from the center out toward the ends of each wall. If youre looking to see where better photos are needed, you can do a search online through the Wall of Faces. Alfred M. Gray Research Center
Hine, for example, was able to reconnect a son with his father. 20% of black males were combat soldiers, sailors, airmen and marines. Vietnam Casualties. Zita is the editor of both Military History Quarterly and Vietnam Magazine. "We had no qualms. Updated on: April 16, 2023 / 7:27 PM / CBS News. In addition, at least 36,000 Southern civilians were executed for various reasons in the period 19671972. Names can also be located on The Wall of Faces on VVMFs web site, www.vvmf.org/wall-of-faces, Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund | 3033 Wilson Blvd, Suite 300 | Arlington VA 22201 | 202.393.0090 USA.gov, The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration [62][63] Based on unit surveys, a rough estimate of 3040% of dead and missing were non-combat deaths. Thus, there were 211,455 killed and wounded, or one in every 10 Americans who served in Vietnam. When he later read the official tally of dead, he found that it listed them as 130 VC killed. According to statistics from the South Vietnamese Ministry of Health, 44.5% of civilians admitted to hospitals between 1967 and 1970 were wounded by mines or mortars, 21.2% by guns or grenades, and 34.3% by artillery or bombing. The United States committed some 550,000 troops to the Vietnam front at the height of the conflict, suffered more than 58,000 casualties, and engaged in battle after battle with communist forces in the region until its withdrawal in 1973. Those designated by a plus sign were considered to be missing in action when the war ended. The National Archives has custody of a wide assortment of both textual documents and electronic records related to the Vietnam conflict. [14], German historian Bernd Greiner mentions the following war crimes reported and/or investigated by the Peers Commission and the Vietnam War Crimes Working Group, among other sources:[43]. "[56] Investigations by Korean civic groups have alleged that at least 9,000 civilians were massacred by ROK forces. He received his B.A. Defense Department officials believed that these body count figures need to be deflated by 30 percent. Shelby L. Stanton, 'The Rise and Fall of an American Army,' Spa Books, 1989, xvi. Although North Vietnamese and Viet Cong casualty counts vary wildly, it is generally understood that they suffered several times the number of American casualties. My Lai (4) and My Khe (4) (collectively the My Lai Massacre) claimed the largest number of victims with 420 and 90 respectively, and in five other places a total of about 100 civilians were executed. [20] About 130 American and 16,000 South Vietnamese POWs died in captivity. The 2nd Marine Brigade reportedly perpetrated the Binh Tai Massacre on 9 October 1966. Family members are invited to witness the inscription and also to attend the annual Memorial Day ceremony when the new names are read at the Wall. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial stands as a symbol of America's honor and recognition of the men and women who served and sacrificed their lives in the Vietnam War. The two countries finally resumed formal diplomatic relations in 1995. Step 1: The importer/buyer (Party A) asks the supplier/seller (Party B) for the samples of products that they need to have for their . The Wall That Heals has a large-screen TV and slideshow, Hoehn said. [55] Widespread reports of deliberate mass killings by Korean forces alleged that they were the result of systemic, deliberate policies to massacre civilians, with murders running into the hundreds. [25], Operating under the direction of the CIA and other US and South Vietnamese Intel organizations and carried out by ARVN units alongside US advisers was the Phoenix Program, intended to neutralise the VC political infrastructure, whom were the civilian administration of the Viet Cong/Provisional Revolutionary Government via infiltration, capture, counter-terrorism, interrogation, and assassination. [46], The ROK Capital Division reportedly perpetrated the Bnh An/Ty Vinh massacre in February/March 1966. Operational Archives Branch
The wide disparity among the estimates cited below is partially explained by the different time periods of the Vietnam War covered by the studies and whether casualties in Cambodia and Laos were included in the estimates. harvnb error: no target: CITEREFTurse2013 (. The overwhelming majority of the MIA are from northern Vietnam. Those who argue that the United States opponents won the war cite the United States overall objectives and outcomes. "The Vietnam Wars." Soldiers, one wounded and being carried by a colleague, walking down Hill Timothy, during the conflict in Vietnam. [45], Air force captain, Brian Wilson, who carried out bomb-damage assessments in free-fire zones throughout the delta, saw the results firsthand. The boat people's first destinations were the Southeast Asian locations of Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. These Vietnam War photos taken by U.S. Army photographers reveal a side of the conflict that few people have ever seen. Vietnam's government claimed that 400,000 people were killed or maimed as a result of after effects, and that 500,000 children were born with birth defects. Here's What to Know About Them 1st. The United States entered Vietnam with the principal purpose of preventing a communist takeover of the region. Search the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Wall page for Vietnam War casualties by name, home of record, home state/country, branch, age, service or social security number, rank, birthday, and/or . History is not a fixed set of facts. She received an award from the National Federation of Press Women in 2022 for her editing work on Vietnam Magazine. 1:50. These numbers are not official statistics and are for informational purposes only. There was strong pressure to produce body counts as a measure of operational success and enemy body counts were directly tied to promotions and commendation. Not far away in another grove of eight trees is a sculpture of three servicewomen caring for a wounded soldier - the Vietnam Women's Memorial. Other volunteers who played a key role include Andrew Johnson, a Wisconsin newspaper publisher; David Hine, who first discovered the effort from a VVMF newsletter; and Herb Reckinger, who began searching for Minnesotans on the Wall in 2014 and expanded to other states. [26] The program resulted in an estimated 26,000 to 41,000 killed, with an unknown number possibly being innocent civilians. Not until 1995 did Vietnam release its official estimate of war dead: as many as 2 million civilians on both sides and some 1.1 million North Vietnamese and Viet Cong fighters. [64] According to the Vietnamese government, from 1994 to 2012, 172,460 PAVN/VC bodies were found, including 15,989 in Cambodia, and 14,549 in Laos, and around 10,000 bodies were found from 2012 to 2015, reducing the number of MIA from 390,000 (1993) to 207,000 (2016). A few years after the dedication, the issue of geographic criteria was expanded by DoD to include people who had been killed outside of the war zone while on or in support of direct combat missions. [91] Around 3035% of American deaths in the war were non-combat or friendly fire deaths; the largest causes of death in the U.S. armed forces were small arms fire (31.8%), booby traps including mines and frags (27.4%), and aircraft crashes (14.7%). Including 28 civilians, originally there were 52 missing civilians. From refugee camps in Southeast Asia, the great majority of boat people were resettled in more developed countries. On the other end of that phone call was an former Air Force officer who had served in Vietnam. To learn about us and how you can help maintain this site. Please note: U.S. Navy muster rolls/personnel diaries after 1971 utilize social security numbers and are subject to privacy restrictions. All would be represented equally, with generals listed alongside infantrymen. This change prompted the addition of 110 names in 1986. Among other countries that fought for South Vietnam, South Korea had more than 4,000 dead, Thailand about 350, Australia more than 500, and New Zealand some three dozen. But you had stories of guys in the Air Force who would die in their aircraft over Thailand after having been shot over Vietnam. Technically, they were ineligible for inclusion on the Wall. The first two names listed on Panel 1, East Wall, at the apex are from July 8, 1959. She is currently pursuing a masters degree in military history. Kennedy was assassinated in 1963, but his successor, Lyndon B. Johnson, continued the work that Kennedy had started. If a service member were to return alive, a circlethe symbol of lifewould be inscribed around the plus sign. Through the years, the memorial has matured and developed into a unique place of tranquility and honor. American soldiers of the 173th airborne are evacuated by helicopter from a Vietcong position 11 December 1965. She is fluent in German and is a member of the U.K. Military Historical Society. Democide is the murder of persons by or at the behest of governments. The Coffelt Database of Vietnam War casualties has its roots in an effort begun by Richard Donham Coffelt. Data for deaths in Laos is incomplete. This was long before the advent of integrated computer databases. Long before the Vietnam conflict had ended, the "Huey" (its original Army designation was HU-1A, for Helicopter, Utility, Model 1A) was probably the most recognizable helicopter in the world. Vietnam War Casualties- Main Alphabetical Index www.VirtualWall.org Find A Name Information Memorial pages honoring Vietnam War casualties, listed by their last names. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial of Greater Rochester, which has found its home in Highland Park South, has been a place of great pride since its dedication on September 8, 1996. "It was the epitome of immoralityOne of the times I counted bodies after an air strikewhich always ended with two napalm bombs which would just fry everything that was leftI counted sixty-two bodies. Quantico, VA 22134. He did so after a chance encounter at a VVMF event that brings a smaller replica of The Wall to communities across America. For those and a handful of other unique circumstances, Doubek made his own list of men who had died due to the injuries in the combat zonesnames that may have been listed by an individual service branch, but not by DoD. This series contains records of U.S. military officers and soldiers who died as a result of either hostile or non-hostile occurrence or who were missing in action or prisoners of war in the Southeast Asian combat area during the Vietnam War, including casualties that occurred in Cambodia, China, Laos, North Vietnam, South Vietnam, and Thailand. They seem honored to be putting the names on the Wall.. In January 1968, the North Vietnamese Army (NVA) had launched its largest offensive of the conflict against American forces, beginning their attack on Jan. 30, the start of the Vietnamese holiday. The names on the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, better known as the Wall, will no longer stand alone. American soldiers and Vietnamese refugees returning to the town of Hue, in Vietnam. The numbers of lives that have been touched by this memorial go . Our 9 best-selling history titles feature in-depth storytelling and iconic imagery to engage and inform on the people, the wars, and the events that shaped America and the world. You can also visit the mobile exhibit. But it was still missing this until now. . Search and destroy was a term to describe operations aimed at flushing the Viet Cong out of hiding, while body count was the measuring stick for operation success and this resulted in exaggeration and listing civilian deaths as enemy KIA. Neighbouring Laos and Cambodia similarly fell to communists. The National Park Service offers these steps for locating a name: National Park Service rangers and volunteers are available to assist in locating names at the Memorial. In 1976, the Vietnamese government organized Gathering Teams to find the remains of dead soldiers. [19] Rummel's mid-level estimate includes 17,000 South Vietnamese civil servants killed by PAVN/VC. U.S. Army Personnel and Dependent Casualties, 1961-1981 85% of the records in this database are related to the Vietnam Conflict. In honor of the men and women of the armed forces of the United States who served in the Vietnam War. November 11, 1982. Chronological order by date of casualty allows friends and family members to pick out their loved one from all of the others with the same name. . from Johns Hopkins and his MA and Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. [49] The Second Marine Brigade perpetrated the Phong Nh and Phong Nht massacre on 12 February 1968. [1] OR To shorten the name list, enter 2 or more letters of any part of a name in the box below. These names are followed by the inscription: Our nation honors the courage, sacrifice and devotion to duty and country of its Vietnam veterans. Even if a veterans family is gone, we still need to honor him, Hoehn had said in her interview. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial Wall USA website is dedicated to honoring those who died in the Vietnam War. Many black men who had previously been ineligible could now be drafted, along with many poor and racially intolerant white men from the southern states. With the glitch discovered, Doubek and his team located and hand-corrected each error. [62] Across all three wars including the First Indochina War and the Third Indochina War there was a total of 1,146,250 PAVN/VC confirmed military deaths, included 939,460 with bodies recovered and 207,000 with the bodies unfound. In 1975 South Vietnam fell to a full-scale invasion by the North. Although the records may not be complete, the U.S. National Archives shows that 58,220 U.S. soldiers perished, and categorized the deaths as follows. Proving a direct correlation to the injuries is a challenge, Pontes explained. With this list in hand, he went to the various locations where individual service records were kept to review files. [24] Benjamin Valentino estimates 110,000310,000 deaths as a "possible case" of "counter-guerrilla mass killings" by U.S. and South Vietnamese forces during the war. Deaths in Cambodia and Laos were estimated at 273,000 and 62,000 respectively. We worked very hard with volunteers from the Gold Star Mothers, recalled Doubek. [105], Two major war memorials commemorating the dead of the, Deaths caused by the South Korean military, North Vietnamese and Viet Cong military casualties, Disproportion of African American casualties. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C., lists more than 58,300 names of members of the U.S. armed forces who were killed or went missing in action. Department of Veterans Affairs BIRLS Death File, 1850-2010: see the "National Cemeteries and Beneficiaries" section below. In that respect, it failed: the two Vietnams were united under a communist banner in July 1976. For Reckinger, he was able to reconnect a veteran with a fallen comrade whose face might have been lost to time as old memories faded. It would also enable veterans to find groups of friends who died during the same incident. This approach would allow veterans, friends and family members to find a loved one by his or her date of casualty. A wounded U.S. paratrooper grimaces in pain as he awaits medical evacuation at base camp in the A Shau Valley near the Laos border in South Vietnam on May 19, 1969 during the Vietnam War. I looked at the record to determine whether mortal wounds were sustained, Doubek said of the men whose names were listed by the Army, but not by DoD. Congress authorized troop deployment in Vietnam, but, because it did not issue a declaration of war on North Vietnam or the Viet Cong, the Vietnam War is, technically speaking, not considered a war in the United States. While VVMF finances the name additions to the Wall, it is the Department of Defense that makes these difficult and often technical decisions. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. 1972 FamilySearch Research Wiki Articles United States, National Archives, Military Records, 1885-2004 Inscribed on the black granite walls are the names of more than 58,000 men and women who gave their lives or remain missing. This tank was an upgrade, but it still had flaws. [32] and studies have shown higher rates of casualties, health effects, and next-generation birth defects in Vietnamese peoples. Lins intention from the beginning was to have the names appear chronologically, beginning and ending at the apex. By nearly every metric, the Vietnam War was, in the common sense of the word, a war. Called the American War in Vietnam (or, in full, the War Against the Americans to Save the Nation), the war was also part of a larger regional conflict (see Indochina wars) and a manifestation of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies. Fallen comrades could be together on the Wall, as theyd been in death. State-Level Lists of Fatal Casualties of the Korean War (6/28/1950 - 3/10/1954) and the Vietnam War (6/8/1956 - 5/28/2006) Korean War State-Level Fatal Casualty Lists sorted Alphabetically by Last Name Vietnam War State-Level Fatal Casualty Lists sorted Alphabetically by Last Name Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. In some instances, names needed to be shuffled in order to fit on a line. Tensions escalated into armed conflict between the two sides, and in 1961 U.S. President John F. Kennedy chose to expand the military aid program. Although the names are not listed alphabetically, it is not difficult for visitors to find a name on the Memorial. January 2-3 January. He estimated that victims of democide (deliberate killing of civilians) included 214,000 by North Vietnam/VC and 98,000 by South Vietnam and its allies. This group was made up almost entirely of either working-class or rural youth. This totals, from a range of between 16,000 and 167,000 deaths caused by South Vietnam during the (Dim-era), and 42,000 and 118,000 deaths caused by South Vietnam in the post Dim-era), excluding PAVN forces killed by the ARVN in combat. [79], The total number of American personnel who were KIA or died non-hostile deaths, were enlisted personnel with a casualty number of 50,441. A 1975 US Senate subcommittee estimated around 1.4 million civilian casualties in South Vietnam because of the war, including 415,000 deaths. In reality, it is a collection of ideas, images, and information that enough people have chosen to preserve and disseminate. [42] This might partially explain the discrepancies between recovered weapons and body-count figures, along with exaggeration, although the NVA and VC also went to great lengths to recover weapons from the battlefield. Vietnam Casualties by State and City or Town This gallery lists the complete Vietnam War casualty files by State. The Army as a branch had 134,982 killed or wounded (9.5 percent), but the Marines suffered 66,227 killed or wounded (22.5 percent) or almost one of every four Marines who served. EIN: 52-1149668, Copyright 2023 The Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund, Javascript must be enabled for the correct page display, Look up the name in the Vietnam Veterans Memorial. Estimates of casualties of the Vietnam War vary widely. The vision of VVMF is to ensure a society in which all who have served and sacrificed in our nation's Armed Forces are properly honored and receive the recognition they justly deserve. After looking at his friend on the Wall of Faces, he had one sentence for me: I forgot what he looked like.. According to RJ Rummel, from 1964 to 1975, an estimated 1,500 people died during the forced relocations of 1,200,000 civilians, another 5,000 prisoners died from ill-treatment and about 30,000 suspected communists and fighters were executed. Please Note: These records have not been processed and almost all are still classified. [26], RJ Rummel estimated that American forces killed around 5,500 people in democide between 1960 and 1972, from a range of between 4,000 and 10,000. June 19, 1969 Jack Sweitzer and Tom McMullen (fat albert) were severly wounded by a recoilless rifle round that hit as we ate lunch. The United States had provided funding, armaments, and training to South Vietnams government and military since Vietnams partition into the communist North and the democratic South in 1954. Chapter 17 index: "Communists provided further corroboration of the proximity of their casualty figures to American figures in a postwar disclosure of total losses from 1960 to 1975. The casualty date is the date the person was killed or wounded in combat or injured during an accident; for the missing, the date is when the person was reported missing. A mass exodus in 1975 of people loyal to the South Vietnamese cause was followed by another wave in 1978 of boat people, refugees fleeing the economic restructuring imposed by the communist regime. [71] The official US Department of Defense figure was 950,765 communist forces killed in Vietnam from 1965 to 1974. 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