Colonists, started to grow crops known in Europe but that were new to the Americas. Remarkably, the people of the Americas realized that crops with higher caloric value could not only feed more people, but also allowed people to work harder because they were more energized. Undoubtedly the Indians perished in great numbers. Includes concepts like the Columbian Exchange, mercantilism, the Middle Passage, the Encomienda System, Columbus' treatment of the natives, etc. Use what you learn from the picture to help you answer the critical thinking questions. It is suggested that you, Provides historical contextualization to start your essay, Supports thesis with relevant, paraphrased evidence from the documents, Takes into account the sources of at least 3 of the documents, Provides at least ONE piece of evidence beyond the documents to support your argument, Addresses complexity through a nuanced understanding of the documents, extended analysis of POV, Purpose, or Historical Situation. Americas of slaves, manufactured goods, and raw goods. The Great Disease Migration Geoffrey Cowley, in Newsweek Fall 1991 Document 4:Exchanging crops proved to be a far more intricate, involved process than ever could have been imagined at the time. Which group do you believe had an advantage? Different types of potatoes have varying natural carbohydrate concentrations. It is taken from an abridgement of Columbus' personal journal made by Bartholome de las Casas. Saturday, 13 October. 8xHjFv@]O)eiA^Lm%3%QB?PxC5!}&T-Z26m5FSdm+h)K2! -Observation -Experimentation -Asking a question -Forming a. Europeans brought plants, animals, and . Starting with the Tenochtitlan, and concluding with the Columbian Exchange, this PowerPoint contains videos from History.com. Armies sometimes led this process, sometimes followed. How did culture in the Americas change as a. Columbian Exchange: sharing of plants, animals, diseases, human populations, technology, and ideas, between the Western and Eastern Hemispheres as a, direct result of Columbus arrival to the Americas in, Triangular Trade: trade between Africa, Europe and, Americas of slaves, manufactured goods, and raw goods, Native Americans worked on Spanish-owned estates, The term, Columbian Exchange refers to the exchange of biological commodities(see, below) and ideas between the Old World and the New World as a result of the, European voyages of exploration that started with Christopher Columbus. The name recognizes his key role in bringing Europe in contact with the Americas. Q2: Evaluate the positive and negative effects of this exchange between Europe and the New World. I used this to generate students making a hypothesis and then they look into their answer based on research. the "New World." Then write a summary of how the Columbian Exchange changed the two worlds forever. Quizzes with auto-grading, and real-time student data. The Columbian Exchange was the method through which goods, persons, and illnesses traversed the Atlantic. TPT empowers educators to teach at their best. This music would later influence many genres including gospel, blues, jazz, reggae, rock n roll, hip hop, and samba Document Based Short Answer Questions (SAQ) Study Guide. Using the map, explain TWO negative exchanges that took place during the Age of Exploration. The exchange of plants and animals between Europe and the Americas greatly, changed the economies of both areas. . This preview shows page 1 - 3 out of 4 pages. Document 1. By some estimates, nearly 80% of the native population of the Americas was wiped out from the introduction of European diseases. (.5, .5, .5, .5 points) 2. In this illustration you see both Native Americans and Colonial men at war with one another. View Columbian_Exchange_DBQ.docx from HIST MISC at University of Findlay. While we glean many positives from exploration, not every group was treated the same and in the end, certain groups saw atrocities committed against them. hbbd``b`$C3` ^>x Music was a key factor for survival in many slave communities. Document Based Questions (DBQ). In. m5]C8Bq The Europeans, for their part, gave the Indians measles and smallpox. Quizzes with auto-grading, and real-time student data. endobj What drove Columbus westward was not just a search for a lucrative new trade route to Asia. Study the chart and the picture. Use the information in the picture to help you answer the questions. Using information from the document complete the chart by identifying two goods that were exchanged between the continents. Look at the chart, what information is the chart showing us? Are you getting the free resources, updates, and special offers we send out every week in our teacher newsletter? One fifth of all profits go to the King. . A PowerPoint which details helpful tips on where to start and how to get started with preparing to write a DBQ essay.2. Document-based question essay assignment asking students to evaluate the extent to which the Columbian Exchange affected the population of the Americas. @)*wk3cX\J`x}g*A_75L==:GZxzrb0G!h$P$GggZ'o-h*:)Dg2&> sru[y48Tk'uwa7nFYSb5y{$u?G Y~zQH%o:$z?[/XSl.Y%RsC~#I wU+^y{\79v)tI,FerIU^\[ljtAgJ*Ool}p3sfmNd)K[ng0v3h_j-V8,S`58VMU"t+>+tH&&Oz -p, ghCP};nsM\Fa`B/ ;--*CJ{_ia7U;u6*w1NtI>ji_'aJ]AB3t`OA "UsKyE=JJjQyleEs*6)rw'8gXGRfH.&KG&n{\SlS&eJI-|P{C2}7h`~*#WgK(7speQOEF31L${si)iLK~x|=Gt:1K$-fz*.sg V'QGy4(}@ Nxz~QFIGSeZ:g!Od7n. The voyage into the unknown, after all, had been part of European culture since the days of Odysseus. each document together on your own piece of paper. [1492] At daybreak great multitudes of men came to the shore, all young and of fine shapes, very handsome; their hair not curled but straight and coarse like horse-hair, and all with foreheads and heads much broader than any people I had seen; They came loaded with balls of cotton, parrots, javelins, and other things too numerous to mention; these they exchanged for whatever we chose to give them. The Columbian Exchange. Exploring the European Past. Since the Indians had not developed any resistance or immunity to these unfamiliar ailments, they perished in catastrophic numbers. This assignment looks both at t. Document-based question essay assignment asking students to compare the effects of the Columbian Exchange on the populations of Europe, Africa, and the Americas. The key point is that whoever made the first crossing and whenever it occurred, the consequences for the people of the Western Hemisphere would not have been much different. Pigs were also a key animal used during ocean travels because they could be dumped on the way to a country or place and then picked up and . The key point is that whoever made the first crossing and whenever it occurred, the What were the consequences of the Columbian Exchange? Prior to 1492, many of these biological commodities had never, crossed the ocean. According to the reading many commodities never crossed the ocean prior to 1492, what does this mean and state why you believe that to be true. Examine the picture. Who is being quoted in both entries? Why did the potato became an important crop in Europe? Document 1: Document 2: . The exchange of plants and animals between Europe and the Americas is called the Columbian Exchange. Writing topics include: Columbian Exchange (essay), Salem Witch Trials (DBQ), American Revolution (DBQ), Valley Forge (DBQ), Trail of Tears (essay), Mexican American War (DBQ) Gettysburg (DBQ), and the book Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee (BBQ). The Arrival of Europeans. Document Analysis Activity below) and ideas between the Old World and the New World as a result of the. - Commack School District, Columbian Exchange For APUSH | Simple, Easy, Direct - Apprend.io, AP US History - Mr. DeMarco's History Classes. Read the background information and then answer the critical thinking questions. When the two hemispheres finally came into contact, the Columbian Exchange would dramatically and permanently affect human societies and the natural environment on both sides of the ocean. DBQ #01: Ancient Greek Contributions . When a bank accepts liability on a personal check before it is presented for payment, the check is said to be certified. To expect otherwise is to ask that history be rolled back long before 1492 and that its course be plotted along other lines entirely. This is not simply to state the obvious: that if Columbus hadn't set sail in 1492, some other European voyager would have made the trip soon afterward. Historical thinking skills throughout!Students will:Analyze sourcing and situation of primary and secondary sources.Identify a sources point of view, purpose, historical situation, and/or audience.Explain the point of view, purpose, historical situ. %PDF-1.4 % Explain. European voyages of exploration that started with Christopher Columbus. Horses, pigs, sheep, and cattle were all European animals that flourished rapidly in the Americas. Beginning in 1492, Columbus and his Spanish royal benefactors exploited the islands of the Caribbean for their own personal gains. The sources include: From reading both of these quotes how do you think the Europeans viewed the natives? 39 iread ideas Unit 4 packet 1450 to 1750 answer key Iready grade 7 mathematics student at home activity packet answer key 18 best test prep images on pinterest Shred ethier jeremy. %PDF-1.5 The document based assignment looks both at primary and secondary sources as it analyzes the impacts of the Columbian Exchange. The work is hard and the Spaniards are not willing to do the work. about the eects of the Columbian Exchange on Europe and the Americas. All included documents are historical documents or educational graphics. ?Columbian Exchange DBQ ? Digital links included. Animals were also a key part of the Columbian Exchange. Your answer should be 1-2 paragraphs and draw from the course materials. You get: The Columbian Exchange A Millions of years ago, continental drift carried the Old World and New World apart, splitting North and South America from Eurasia and Africa. Remarkably, the people of the Americas realized that crops with higher caloric value could not only feed more people, but also allowed people to work harder because they were more energized. 4.4 - Maritime Empires Established. Columbian Exchange (DBQ) Document-Based QuestionsIncludes key concepts & definitions, hook, background questions, 7 documents with graphics, 1 additional task, and 1 prompt for further discussion. Use what you learned to answer the critical thinking questions. Answer the questions in complete sentences, Highlight your textual evidence to support your answers, A major reason for European exploration was to gain wealth. 4580 kb/s. The resale value of a certain industrial machine decreases over a 10-year period at a rate that changes with time. . Explain how this may influence the water potential of each type of potato. What do you think is meant by the term mother country? It is taken from an abridgement of Columbus' personal journal made by Bartholome de las Casas. What is the topic being discussed in this document? Examples would include domestic animals, agricultural products, microbes (bacteria and viruses), and even peoplesome of whom (slaves) were actually treated as commodities to be bought and sold. To some degree this questing instinct was bound up with religious zeal: look, for example, at the search for the Holy Grail and the history of the Crusades. hTmk0+}^v&K)m~p];8Jrkus=!%AjGZ!8:s81ir\e,x?u*;#IlSdJ36228 ^U@S t6 r|>bSz 8~-bjsRK[b'(]?-sy/lzEf[/Yhkz.C8H;4y{ 6*{pP&v'(_y~C An analysis/DBQ of impact on Aztecs, Slave Trade, and Navigational Tools Columbian Exchange (DBQ) Document-Based QuestionsIncludes key concepts & definitions, hook, background questions, 7 documents with graphics, 1 additional task, and 1 prompt for further discussion. (.5, .5, .5, .5 points) 2. Columbian Exchange DBQ - ppt download StudyLib. honeybees, horses, and cattle. 105 0 obj <>stream It is taken from an abridgement of Columbus personal journal made by Bartholome de las Casas. ]9\`b__k`a%=OT/[`i.~(t:3b{nZf@9A5/|;a, hpf@4=? For these types of questions, there will be 1 DBQ, and you will be given 60 minutes to complete it. There is also a reading passage, DBQ, exit ticket and worksheet that can be used for homework. (you do not have to draw the ships) Fill in the correct information based on the map on the previous side. 1492. Unit 4 DBQ (The Columbian Exchange) 4 min read. Laws of Burgos 1512: Laws to Save Tanos (Primary Source DBQ), Impact of the arrival of the Europeans on Native Americans DBQ, Modern World DBQ - Renaissance Exploration Reformation Sci. This test includes four sources, multiple choice questions, multiple select questions, categorizing/technology-enhanced question, and constructed response. Missionaries set out to preach the Gospel. Use what you learned to answer the critical thinking questions. Yet although European enslavement of Indians and the Spanish forced labor system extracted a heavy toll in lives, the vast majority of Indian casualties occurred not as a result of hard labor or deliberate destruction but because of contagious diseases that the Europeans transmitted to the Indians. "Biological. Site evidence to support your answer. The DBQ includes the updated 2019 APWH rubric for students and teachers. The first document is an annotated image, the second a letter from Queen Isabelle and King Ferdinand to the governor of Hispanola, the third is a magazine article excerpt about the Columbian Exchange and the last is an excerpt from an article from Newsweek Magazine about the spread of diseases. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. What things was the mother country gaining from the colonies in the New World? Yet although European enslavement of Indians and the Spanish forced labor system extracted a heavy toll in lives, the vast majority of Indian casualties occurred not as a result of hard labor or deliberate destruction but because of contagious diseases that the Europeans transmitted to the Indians. A brief DBQ on one of the darker parts of the Columbian Exchange, as well as other causes for population decline. "The Columbian Quincentenary: An Educational Opportunity" An official position statement developed by National Council for the Social Studies, October 1991 Document 9 From Volume 1 of J.H. They wanted to make even more money by increasing the exports, of goods from producers at home to their colonies overseas. The DBQ includes four different documents. 4. Examine your evidence and create your pizzas. Why are they significant? The Columbian Exchange greatly affected almost every society on earth . sharing of plants, animals, diseases, human populations, technology, and ideas between the Western and Eastern Hemispheres as a direct result of Columbus arrival to the Americas in 1492. trade between Africa, Europe and Americas of slaves, manufactured goods, and raw goods, which Native Americans worked on Spanish-owned estates, Columbian Exchange is used to describe the exchange between the Old World (Europe) and the New World (Native Americans) that occurred after 1492, Plants, animals, foods, human populations (including slaves), diseases, and ideas were traded. . Writing rubrics for American History writing (8 of them). Pigs were also a key animal used during ocean . Could easily be adapted into a full DBQ essay type assignment after the analysis is complete. Rated 4.86 out of 5, based on 453 reviews, Columbian Exchange DBQ - AP World History (2017), Columbian Exchange DBQ | Distance Learning, SPANISH CONQUEST OF AMERICAS COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE DBQ, Christopher Columbus | The Two Sides of Christopher Columbus DBQ Investigation, Age of Exploration Document Based Question Activity DBQ Writing Lesson, "The Columbian Exchange" - Article, Power Point, Activities, Assessments (DL), Effects of the Age of Exploration Inquiry DBQ, The Columbian Exchange - AP World History: Modern (2019). Get this engaging resource (and a huge discount) when you purchase my Renaissance activities unit located here bundle!Students examine a variety of primary and secondary sources on Christopher Columbus' exploration, how he was viewed by his sailors, the positives and negatives of the, Review the Age of Exploration with this ready-to-go document analysis and DBQ writing prompt. Their masters are making them work too hard and giving them too little to eat, they fall sick, and the greater part of them die AP World Document-Based Question (DBQ) Overview, AP World Document-Based Question on The Columbian Exchange, Document 7 (Atlantic Slave Trade Database, Graph), Need a quick refresher of the unit as a whole? <> Merchants set out to find new goods and new markets to sell them in. Study the picture closely. This question is designed to test your ability to work with historical documents. An important crop in Europe was potatoes, as they could be left in the ground until they were ready to be eaten and allowed many Europeans to evade taxes, as tax collectors did not go so far as to dig up not yet harvested crops. Undoubtedly the Indians perished in great numbers. From the Indians the Europeans contracted syphilis. An important crop in Europe was potatoes, as they could be left in the ground until they were ready to be eaten, and allowed many Europeans to evade tax collections, as tax collectors did not go as far as dig up not yet harvested crops. Pre-made digital activities. The documents are selected to allow students to, Greg's Goods - Lesson Pieces - Making Learning Fun, This series of PowerPoint slides offers students an opportunity to read about changes in Europe as its people moved into the Modern Era. Alfred Crosby, author of The Columbian Exchange likens its effect on American history to that of the Black Death on the history of the Old World. Provide support. 4 0 obj the natural environment on both sides of the ocean. Smallpox-the disease that so ravaged Tenochtitlan on the eve of Cortes final siege-was a particularly efficient killer. You will be looking for 3 . This is not simply to state the obvious: that if Columbus hadn't set sail in 1492, some other European voyager would have made the trip soon afterward. Above are two excerpts from a diary or journal. The, Columbian exchange had major effects, both good and bad, on peoples around, Colonization and trade were the causes of the Columbian Exchange. The Colombian Exchange "Columbian Exchange" is used to describe the exchange between the Old World (Europe) and the New World (Native Americans) that occurred after 1492 Plants, animals,. Sharing of plants, animals, diseases, human populations, technology, and ideas between the Western and Eastern Hemispheres as a direct result of Columbus' arrival to the Americas in 1492, Trade between Africa, Europe, and Americas of slaves, manufactured goods, and raw goods, System of forced labor which Native Americans worked on Spanish-owned estates, Phylogenies and the History of Life (Vocabula, Christina Dejong, Christopher E. Smith, George F Cole. Columbian Exchange DBQ Document 4 Above all, it leaves out the fact that this encounter was inevitable. Contribute a new guide What are we missing? (the Spaniards) grew more conceited every day and after awhile, refused to walk any distance(they) rode on the backs of Indians if they were in a hurry, or were carried on hammocks by Indians running in relays, (They) thought nothing of knifing Indians by tens and twenties and cutting off slices of them to test the sharpness of their blades, They (the Indians) suffered and died in the mines and other labors in desperate silence, knowing not a soul in the world to whom they could turn for help. @gw]'mE. /AXZ}"`{q mWz"^A8,Qp(#o!ZA .Be;hWZ9Q"6;-FqG brought many plants and animals to the America, including wheat, citrus fruit. Read the information on Agricultural Change. The horse, too, was also a very useful animal as it helped with battle; it allowed for faster travel, it allowed for the surprising of opponents, and allowed people to fight from a higher level. Natives, who have become Christians are not allowed to be forced to do the work because the Emperor freed them. All included documents are historical documents or educational graphics. Colonists also started ranches where they raised livestock from Europe. The Columbian Exchange greatly affected almost every society on earth, bringing destructive diseases that reduced the population many cultures. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. From New Spain are obtained gold, silver, and other things. Explanation: The Columbian Exchange was trade that occurred between different regions across the hemispheres: Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Complete Chart Answer the questions. Which substance(s) crossed the dialysis membrane? 5327 kb/s. xXkpU>4AI3w /afBBI21DRb)\TTi&,vRk}*a}-W4$#u=3D4Iez\ }FmsRf"vmku=]vDr$RzZ[oW'7D#un[On :[&}54m/jumh;w#wS# Some days I have students virtually, some days I have students in the classroom, and some days I do both simultaneously.This presentation takes me three 1 hour class periods to get through. It is named for the explorer Christopher Columbus. Alfred Wegener noticed that Africa and South America seemed to fit together. i~};^(>k+ch%\Lbu;"}ib!j=^&0r 5e2$EIpXgoaNl!bEdo[* :ZaGF^7O:&) ;(m_v? #1 How did . Use the information from the picture to help you answer the questions. What type of people were treated as commodities? TPT empowers educators to teach at their best. Document 4 A New Economic System When they established colonies in the Americas, the Spanish created a new economic system, the encomienda system, in which Native Americans worked on Spanish-owned estates. Columbian-Exchange-DBQ.pdf. Smallpox made its American debut in 1519, when it struck the . Document 1: "The Columbian Exchange" 1. Smallpox-the disease that so ravaged Tenochtitlan on the eve of Cortes' final siege-was a particularly efficient killer. For whom is the Columbian Exchanged name for? P. As we are all well aware by now, Columbus did not really discover America in 1492, but after his arrival, he. Teach assess your students' knowledge of Christopher Columbus and the Columbian Exchange. AP World Notes Unit 4: Columbian Exchange | Fiveable. Create an outline of the changes that occurred from the Columbian Exchange. As with this topic, a well-rounded perspective must be presented. Biological commodities means living things, or things that were once alive. Please consult the rubric throughout the process. Pre-made digital activities. @G[9,%DE}q]`Aeu:H.?,gpu qppy^//D?#l`tyKC8L0,dq8LU~mP L| Q&H%~k~yqhd[$R"}WvI-E$6 gQ*L7NpIe@GT*b_\^~-BF"obE <>>> Another key factor to consider when evaluating Columbus's legacy is the impact of European . 2 0 obj Different types of. The key point is that whoever made the first crossing and whenever it occurred, the consequences for the people of the Western Hemisphere would not have been much different. Columbian Exchange (DBQ) Document-Based Questions, Includes key concepts & definitions, hook, background questions, 7 documents with graphics, 1 additional task, and 1 prompt for further discussion. 2.What things where the mother country gaining from the colonies in the new world? This led to an adoption of American crops by European peasantries that changed entire cuisines in various cultures and spread rapidly through the Americas, Europe and finally, Africa. Columbian Exchange Dbq Document 1 Answer Key . So now, it is necessary to acquire negro slaves (enslaved Africans), who are brought from the coasts of Africa. Read the information on The Impact of Disease. Are you getting the free resources, updates, and special offers we send out every week in our teacher newsletter? The Source is from a book The crimes of Christopher Columbus Why do you believe the author chose that title for the book? <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> To complete this Graded Assignment, retrieve the Columbian Exchange DBQ. This is a no prep digital resource great for bell ringer, review, and group work. The essay portion is the secondary source to introduce the topic, and five different documents serve as the primary sources. Another significant feature of the United States is the fact that the nation and its citizens are an integral part of a global society created by forces that began to unfold in 1492. From there, outbreaks spread across the Antilles island, onto the Mexican mainland, through the Isthmus of Panama and into South America. u 5OJ QJ aJ h0 * j:cNo8Fw $(C Dm O:hbL^k*"qN!!, }K`s L]SY L3^;]Q 7T0nSkD=nDQO{BGJ_=*Ol! The passage below describes that arrival. Key Concept 1. turn, some products from the Americas were new to Europe. (Some of the documents have been edited for the purpose of this exercise.) Course Hero member to access this document, The Atlantic Slave Trade video clip activity.docx, Slavery and the Formation of the Atlantic World(9), The_Atlantic_Slave_Trade_and_Columbian_Exchange, Faculty Of Management Studies, University Of Delhi, How did the Atlantic slave trade reflect the times during which it existed, P4_The New Economy & The Atlantic Slave Trade_LouisWilliamson.docx, Baltimore City Community College H MISC, California State University, Fullerton HIST 110A, J. M. Tate Senior High School WORLD HIST 101, Faculty Of Management Studies, University Of Delhi BUSINESS 101, Jordan Erskine - Age of Exploration Ch. ". Document 1 The Arrival of Europeans The arrival of Christopher Columbus in the Caribbean in 1492 had a tremendous impact on the future of that region. Hu]j54wZ6zMy:kJ*QW8Oiv%@57e2\ 972J,*|v s*$}D) 0 Pigs were also a key animal used during ocean travels because they could be dumped on the way to a country or place and then picked up and eaten on the way back. Document 1: "The Columbian Exchange" 1. Using the map, explain TWO negative exchanges that took place during the Age of Exploration. Prior to 1492, many of these biological commodities had never crossed the ocean. While the Columbian Exchange and Columbuss Voyages capture most of the attention between 1450-1750, at the same time, around the world a number of land empires centralized. Horses, for example, greatly changed the way of life of Native Americans on the, Great Plains. According to the first quote what were the Europeans planning for the natives? Examples would. Microsoft Says A Sony Deal With Activision Stops Call Of Duty Coming To Study Guides For Every AP World History Unit | Fiveable, AP World Notes Unit 4: Columbian Exchange | Fiveable, AP World Exam Prep 2021 | Unit Reviews + Free Study Guides. This drawing depicts Indians suffering from smallpox, one of the deadliest diseases introduced by the Europeans. RENAISSANCE: Raphaels School of Athens painting, with Greek figures identified Great quantities of gold and silver used to be out in the open; with all of it gone, now gold and silver have to be mined. Activities and Assessment included.Lesson includes: - 4-Page Illustrated Article- 34-Slide Power Point Presentation - Multiple Choice / Document Based Question Assessment + Answer Key - DBQ Scoring Rubric (allows students to easily score each other's short answers)- Columbus Crossword + Crossword Key - 3 Maps: "Planned Route, APUSH document analysis helps AP United States History analyze primary and secondary sources. Aztec and Spanish PowerPoint Document 1 The Arrival of Europeans The arrival of Christopher Columbus in the Caribbean in 1492 had a tremendous impact on the future of that region.The passage below describes that arrival. What were the benefits of the crops from the Americas? commodities" means living things, or things that were once alive. Join a group in. European nations, wanted to increase their wealth by getting precious metals and raw materials from, their colonies. The term genocide should be familiar from the holocaust; what is the words meaning? endstream endobj 95 0 obj <>stream Columbian Exchange DBQ Doc.7 Doc.5 Doc 1.The Arrival of Europeans 1.What do you think is meant by the term mother country? Columbian Exchange DBQ Author: ASIJ FACULTY Last modified by: Nicola Minchillo Created Date: 9/6/2012 10:33:00 AM Company: American School . Horses, pigs, sheep, and cattle were all European animals that flourished rapidly in the Americas because they were able to reproduce without being hindered by predators. Use the information to answer the critical thinking questions. % ) * B yodV=odV 0j hi1 h0